What factor primarily affects the performance of optical fibers over distance?

The correct choice is based on the fact that attenuation is a key factor impacting the performance of optical fibers over distance. Attenuation refers to the loss of signal strength as light travels through the fiber optic cable. This signal loss can be caused by various factors such as scattering, absorption, and microbending within the fiber. The longer the light travels through the fiber, the more attenuation can occur, leading to a weaker signal at the receiving end.

Understanding attenuation is crucial for anyone working with fiber optics, as it influences the effectiveness of fiber optic communication systems, particularly in determining how far a signal can travel before it becomes too weak to be useful. Properly managing attenuation through the choice of materials, fiber design, and installation techniques can help to maintain the quality of the transmitted signal over long distances, making it a primary concern for installation and maintenance professionals in the field.