How does single-mode fiber differ from multi-mode fiber?

Single-mode fiber allows only one light mode to propagate through its core due to its small core diameter, typically around 8 to 10 micrometers. This design minimizes modal dispersion, making single-mode fiber ideal for long-distance transmission, as it can maintain signal integrity over greater distances without significant loss.

In contrast, multi-mode fiber has a larger core diameter, usually around 50 to 62.5 micrometers, which allows multiple light modes to travel simultaneously. This design can lead to modal dispersion since different modes arrive at the destination at slightly different times, resulting in a less clear signal, especially over longer distances. Multi-mode fiber is typically used for shorter distances, such as within buildings.

Thus, understanding the difference in how each type of fiber allows light to propagate and the implications of those differences on distance and signal quality is critical for applications in networking and telecommunications.